Updated November 2022
*Prevalence is an estimate based on latest available QOF data and current trends. For further explanation read more details here.
Coronary heart disease (CHD) has been a part of the QOF since its inception and, encouragingly, the prevalence has steadily dropped over that time.
Previously a large area with significant value, there are now just four indicators, which are generally straightforward to achieve.
Indicator 1: Maintain patient register (4 points)
The first indicator is for maintaining the register and it is important that patients have a disease code for heart disease entered into their record.
Patients who have had a heart attack or other acute event tend to be well coded.
Patients who could be missed are those with less acute symptoms, who may be diagnosed following an angiogram or other investigation.
Searching for patients with a missed code could include all patients with a prescription for glyceryl trinitrate or other nitrates. Other drugs that could be searched for include aspirin and diltiazem, although these medicines can also be used for other conditions.
These were new indicators for the 2019/20 contract, replacing a previous single indicator (with a blood pressure target of 150/90 mmHg for all patients) with two new indicators stratified by age and including a tighter treatment blood pressure target for younger patients. This brings the QOF CHD area in line with other disease areas where there are more relaxed target levels in patients over 80 years old.
Nearly half of the points are available for these two indicators.
Only the final blood pressure reading within the QOF year is used for the calculation, so it can be useful to avoid re-measurement once the target has been reached. This can still be a difficult indicator and it is likely that some exception reporting (now under the new term ‘personalised care adjustment’) will be required.
There is a code for patients who refuse a blood pressure measurement, although in practice this will rarely be needed. There are also the usual codes to except patients from the CHD area on the grounds of unsuitability or patient’s dissent.
The final code that can be used is to record ‘maximal blood pressure therapy’. There is no hard definition of this and it certainly is not necessary for patients to have tried every antihypertensive in the BNF. The maximum level for each patient will be specific to them, based on their preferences and reactions to treatment.
There are seven points available where patients have received aspirin, clopidogrel or oral anticoagulation over the previous year. This is a little different from other prescribing indicators, as it looks at prescriptions and codes for the whole of the QOF year.
It will also look for non-prescription codes where the patient is buying over-the-counter aspirin therapy or is receiving anticoagulation from another provider. These codes can easily be selected in either Read or SNOMED. To get all of the points requires that 96% of patients have a record of prescription, which is pretty high. It is worthwhile – clinically and QOF-wise – checking with patients with CHD who attend and don’t have aspirin or similar on their repeat template, that they are taking aspirin bought over the counter.
Exception reporting can be a little complicated. Excepting from the whole CHD area is straightforward for patient dissent or unsuitability. Specifically excepting a patient from this indicator, however, will require three codes: one each for aspirin, clopidogrel and oral anticoagulation. As usual, codes recoding allergies or adverse reactions will last from year to year, while codes describing the drugs as not indicated will have to be repeated annually.
This is a process indicator, so automatic exceptions will apply if the patient registers or is diagnosed in the last three months of the QOF year.
Dr Gavin Jamie is a GP partner in Swindon and runs the QOF Database website
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Indicator 1: The contractor establishes and maintains a register of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD001)
Indicator 2: The percentage of patients aged 79 years or under with coronary heart disease in whom the last blood pressure reading (measured in the preceding 12 months) is 140/90 mmHg or less (CHD008). Payment threshold: 40-77%
Indicator 3: The percentage of patients aged 80 years or over with coronary heart disease in whom the last blood pressure reading (measured in the preceding 12 months) is 150/90 mmHg or less (CHD009). Payment threshold: 46-86%
Indicator 4: The percentage of patients with coronary heart disease with a record in the preceding 12 months that aspirin, an alternative anti-platelet therapy, or an anti-coagulant is being taken (CHD005). Payment threshold: 56-96%
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